µn¤J
¡U
µù¥U
¡U
·|û¤¤¤ß
¡U
µ²±b
¡U
°ö°V½Òµ{
Å]ªk§Ì¤l
¡U
¦Û¸ê¥Xª©
¡U
¹q¤l®Ñ
¡U
«ÈªA¤¤¤ß
¡U
´¼¼z«¬¥ßÊ^·|û
®Ñ¦W
¥Xª©ªÀ
§@ªÌ
isbn
½s¸¹
5050Å]ªk²³Äw
|
NG®Ñ«°
|
°ê»Ú¯Å«~µP½Òµ{
|
Àu´f³qª¾
|
ÅRÆE^¶¯µ¼Öºë¿ï
|
ºt»¡ªº§Þ¥©»P«ü¾É
¡D
Impact The
¡D
A Modular
¤å¾Ç¤p»¡
¤å¾Ç
¡U
¤p»¡
°ÓºÞ³Ð§ë
°]¸g§ë¸ê
¡U
¦æ¾P¥øºÞ
¤H¤åÃÀ§{
©v±Ð¡Bõ¾Ç
ªÀ·|¡B¤H¤å¡B¥v¦a
ÃÀ³N¡B¬ü¾Ç
¡U
¹q¼vÀ¸¼@
Ày§Ó¾i¥Í
ÂåÀø¡B«O°·
®Æ²z¡B¥Í¬¡¦Ê¬ì
±Ð¨|¡B¤ß²z¡BÀy§Ó
¶i׾Dzß
¹q¸£»Pºô¸ô
¡U
»y¨¥¤u¨ã
Âø»x¡B´Á¥Z
¡U
x¬F¡Bªk«ß
°Ñ¦Ò¡B¦Ò¸Õ¡B±Ð¬ì¥Î®Ñ
¬ì¾Ç¤uµ{
¬ì¾Ç¡B¦ÛµM
¡U
¤u·~¡B¤uµ{
®a®x¿Ë¤l
®a®x¡B¿Ë¤l¡B¤H»Ú
«C¤Ö¦~¡Bµ£®Ñ
ª±¼Ö¤Ñ¦a
®È¹C¡B¦a¹Ï
¡U
¥ð¶¢®T¼Ö
º©µe¡B´¡¹Ï
¡U
¨î¯Å
A Modular Approach to Testing English Language Skills(ºë)
§@ªÌ¡G
Hawkey
¤ÀÃþ¡G
»y¨¥¤u¨ã
¡þ
ºî½×
¥Xª©ªÀ¡G
¼C¾ô¤j¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ
¥Xª©¤é´Á¡G2005/1/1
ISBN¡G0521813514
®ÑÄy½s¸¹¡Gkk0202964
¶¼Æ¡G576
©w»ù¡G
3280
¤¸
®Ñ»ùY¦³²§°Ê¡A¥H¥Xª©ªÀ¹ê»Ú©w»ù¬°·Ç
¼È°±³c°â
¼ÈµL¨ÑÀ³°Ó¡G´M§ä¨Ñ³f°Ó¤¤(¤]¦³¥i¯à¥Xª©ªÀ¤wµ²§ô)¡C
¹ÎÁʼƳ̧C¬° 20 ¥»¥H¤W
µû»ù¼Æ¡G
(½Ð±N·Æ¹«²¾¦Ü¬P¬P³B¶i¦æµû»ù)
¥Ø«e¥§¡µû»ù¡G
¤å¦r³sµ²
½Æ»s»yªk
A Modular Approach to Testing English Language Skills(ºë)
¹Ï¤ù³sµ²
½Æ»s»yªk
¤À
¨É
¤º®e²¤¶
¦PÃþ±ÀÂË
內容簡介
This volume documents the development of the Cambridge ESOL Certificates in English Language Skills (CELS), a suite of modular examinations first offered in 2002. As context for the account of how CELS was conceived, developed, constructed, validated and managed, the book traces the history of various exams which have influenced CELS. The Royal Society of Arts (RSA), later UCLES (University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate) Communicative Use of English as a Foreign Language examinations (CUEFL) was one such influence, as were the Certificates in Communication Skills in English (CCSE), these exams being a development of the CUEFL. The University of Oxford Delegacy of Local Examinations (UODLE) examinations, taken over by UCLES in 1995, were a further influence on CELS. UODLE itself had worked in partnership with the Association of Recognised Language Schools (ARELS) Examinations Trust, the Oxford EFL reading and writing exams for many years offered in tandem with the ARELS Oral English exams.
¾\Ū»OÆW¡A¾ÇµØ»y ·s
¥þ¤è¦ì^¤å¼ÐÂI²Å¸¹«ü
¥~»y¸£¤É¯Å²©R
¦¨»y¨å(¼Wq¥|ª©)
º~»y»yµµo®i¥v¡G¾ú¥v
¤¤µØ¦¨»y¨å¬G¾Ç²ßµü¨å
ªkº~¶i¶¥Â½Ä¶
»Ô«n»yªºÂøµæÄÑ
¦³Åª¦³«O§È¡Aª÷º]´NÃD
^»yªº¬G¨Æ
¬°¤F«O»Ù±zªºÅv¯q¡A·sµ·¸ôºô¸ô®Ñ©±©ÒÁʶRªº°Ó«~§¡¨É¦³¨ì³f¤C¤ÑªºÅ²½à´Á¡]§t¨Ò°²¤é¡^¡C°h¦^¤§°Ó«~¥²¶·©óŲ½à´Á¤º±H¦^¡]¥H¶lÂW©Î¦¬°õÁp¬°¾Ì¡^¡A¥B°Ó«~¥²¶·¬O¥þ·sª¬ºA»P§¹¾ã¥]¸Ë(°Ó«~¡Bªþ¥ó¡B¤º¥~¥]¸Ë¡BÀH³f¤å¥ó¡BÃØ«~µ¥)¡A§_«h®¤¤£±µ¨ü°h³f¡C