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Illustrious Illuminations II¡GArmenian Christian Manuscripts from the Eleventh to the Eighteenth Century
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½÷煌的啟示(¶L)¡G十一世紀¦Ü十八世紀的亞美尼亞基督宗教手稿 (中^對照) ¡u½÷煌的啟示 (¶L)¡G十一世紀¦Ü十八世紀的亞美尼亞基督宗教手稿¡v¶°合一批精¿ï典ÂáA包括合q本¡A祈禱書卷¶b¡A及來¦Û東地中海地區的基督教福µ書彩繪手抄本¸冊¡C 亞美尼亞彩繪手抄本是中東基督教教會一些¸Ë¹¢最為奢µØ的範例¡C福µ書彩繪手抄本為其中之¶°大成ªÌ¡A³o主n是因為亞美尼亞會?極為尊崇¸t經文本¡A其程度就如同希þ和俄羅斯東正教徒對於¸t像的尊崇¡C³o些手抄本經常³Q亞美尼亞的統治ªÌ們?入戰場¡A一些福µ書的½Æ»s單品也常常³Q½á予¸t名¡A³Q»{為具有神奇的力¶q¡C 奇¨½乞亞時期¡]公元十二¦Ü十四世紀¡^是亞美尼亞彩繪手抄本的¶Àª÷時代¡C奇¨½乞亞是當時最主n繕寫室的»E¶°區¡A它們包括»®羅°¨克拉¡]位於嚴格意義上的奇¨½乞亞地區之外¡^¡A{納¡A¦è斯¡]º³£¡^¡A¹F紮克¡A以及斯克威µÜ¡F此地也匯¶°了傑出的ÃÀ³N家們¡A羅斯林¡D索羅斯就是其中之一¡C到了十四世紀末期¡A奇¨½乞亞彩繪手抄本很大程度上受到了擴張中的穆斯林的影ÅT¡C公元一三七五年¡A王朝³Q埃及的伊斯Äõ統治ªÌ摧毀¡C成百上千的手抄本¿ò失或損毀¡A僅有少¶q存世¡CÃÀ³N家們°kÂ÷奇¨½乞亞¡A來到亞美尼亞其他中心地區¡A在¨ºùØ¡A儘管也會ªö用新環境的ÃÀ³N形式¡A他們依然將奇¨½乞亞的彩繪手抄本傳統承»¼下去¡C 彩繪手抄本作為亞美尼亞文化的承¸ü¡A其«n性Ãø以¨¥盡¡C³o些彩繪手抄本──特別是其中的福µ書──作為最富有意義的文化產品¡A展現了她們所³B的歷史¡A以及文化和傳統的力¹D¡C彩繪福µ書手抄本³q常包含了四Ãþ圖像¡G十¶為冊的¸t經經文對照ªí¡]四福µ書中經文Ãþ比的索引¡^¡F以C穌基督短暫一生的不同事工場景為主ÃD繪»s的導引¡F分置於四福µ書每一卷伊始的四福µ書作ªÌ的¨v像畫¡]¸t°¨太¡A¸t°¨可¡A¸t¸ô加¡A以及¸t約翰¡^¡F最後ÁÙ有可¿ï¶¡A³q常是獻給委托»s作每一卷福µ書的ÃÙ助人¡A其中¡A按照常³W¡AÃÙ助人的名字?寫在扉¶¡A»P之一°_的ÁÙ有ÃÀ³N家和抄寫師的名字¡A以及其他歷史信息¡A³o些³£是來確保委托»s作神¸t抄本的³o一°@¸ÛÁ|動¡A¯à夠穩獲救恩¡C Illustrious Illuminations II: Armenian Christian Manuscripts from the Eleventh to the Eighteenth Century assembles a fine selection of bound volumes, prayer scrolls and illuminated leaves illustrating the Christian Gospel from the Eastern Mediterranean. Armenian illustrated manuscripts are some of the most lavishly decorated codices of the Christian churches from the Middle East. The Gospels are paramount among these, primarily because of the Armenian community’s respect for the sacred texts, revering them in the same way that Greek and Russian Christians regard holy icons. Such texts were often carried into war by Armenian rulers and individual copies of the Gospels were given sacred names and believed to hold miraculous powers. The golden age of Armenian illuminated manuscripts was in the Cilician period (12th–14th centuries). Cilicia was home to important scriptoria—the workshops of Hromkla (actually beyond Cilicia proper), Grner, Sis (the Capital), Drazark and Skevra, where there were many outstanding artists such as Thoros Roslin. Cilician illumination at the end of the fourteenth century was severely affected by the advance of the Muslims. The kingdom was destroyed by the Mamluks, the Islamic rulers of Egypt, in 1375. Manuscripts by the hundreds were lost, mutilated or destroyed; only a few survived. Many artists escaped from Cilicia to other Armenian centres—where they continued the tradition of Cilician illumination—while others chose to adopt the art forms of their new environments. The importance of the book as a vehicle for the transmission of Armenian culture cannot be over stated. The illuminated manuscript—and in particular, the Gospel book—is the most significant cultural artefact, revealing both the history and strength of its traditions and heritage. Illuminated Gospel books typically include four types of images: a ten-page set of canon tables (indexes for comparing similar passages in the four Gospels); an introductory cycle of illustrations depicting various scenes from the ministry of Jesus; portraits of the four Evangelists (St Matthew, St Mark, St Luke and St John) each placed at the beginning of his Gospel; and optional dedications to the donor of the individual Gospel book, in which the donor’s name was routinely inscribed in the colophon, along with names of the artist and scribe—and other historical information—thus ensuring salvation for the pious act of commissioning a sacred book.
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