新絲路網路書店-當代中文語法點全集（二版）An A to Z Grammar for Chinese Language Learners．語言工具/其他語言

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作者介紹
書籍目錄
同類推薦

當代中文語法點全集（二版）An A to Z Grammar for Chinese 
Language Learners

內容簡介

全書共 345 條現代漢語實用語法點
適合不同階段的中文學習者
華語教學界泰斗──鄧守信教授畢生之研究精華與實踐
華語教學權威──國立臺灣師範大學國語教學中心策劃
從功能語法詮釋，幫助學習者了解何時使用與使用的情境，
並介紹這些結構，包含肯定、否定、疑問等形式
提醒學習者各語法點使用時應注意的地方
有效整理、比較所有重要語法點，釐清語法觀念


本書特色

語法點由 A~Z 編排，方便查找搜尋
語法點範圍涵蓋基礎（Basic）到高階（Advanced）程度
全書中文例句或漢字均附有漢語拼音及英文翻譯
每個語法點詳列：功能、結構、用法，完整介紹該語法
每個語法點提供多個典型例句，幫助理解使用的情境
能使學習者快速理解語法形式及結構，了解怎麼用、什麼時候用，以
及用在什麼地方
華語教師、中文學習者必備的工具書
可搭配任何中文學習教材參考使用


Features: 
345 entries of modern Chinese grammar, arranged 
alphabetically by Hanyu Pinyin. 
Designed specifically for Chinese language learners of all 
levels.
Grammatical entries include three subsections: Function, 
Structure and Usage. 

(1) The Function section answers the questions ‘What is the 
purpose of this grammar item?’ and ‘How do native 
speakers use it?’ 

(2) The Structure section explains grammar points, 
including descriptions of negative and interrogative 
structures, so that learners can become skilled at making 
sentences using negative structures and asking questions. 

(3) A Usage section is provided when applicable to compare 
and contrast structures found in the Chinese and English 
languages. 
This reference guide can give learners a clear understanding 
of grammar points and help them master Chinese.
Excellent companion to any Chinese learning textbook.

目錄

A
A-not-A Questions 
Answering Questions in Chinese 
按照, ànzhào, (Prep), in accordance with 

B
吧, ba, (Ptc), Making Suggestions 
把, bǎ, (Ptc), To Dispose of Something (1) 
把, bǎ, (Ptc), Moving an Object to a Location (2) 
把, bǎ, (Ptc), with V1V2V3 (3) 
把, bǎ, (Ptc), V (一) V, Disposal with Verb Reduplication (4) 
把, bǎ, (Ptc), with Resultative Complements (5) 
把, bǎ, (Ptc), Unintentional Event (6) 
把 A 當做 B, (bǎ A dàngzuò B), to treat or take A as B (7) 
白, bái, (Adv), in vain, all for nothing 
幫, bāng, (Prep), on behalf of 
被, bèi, (Ptc), A Passive Marker (See 受 shòu entry also) 
比, bǐ, (Prep), Comparison (1) 
比, bǐ, (Prep), Intensifying a State with 一 M 比 一 M, more 
and more X, more X than the last (2) 
比較, bǐjiào, (Adv), Implicit Comparison (3) 
比起來, bǐqǐlái, Comparison (4) 
畢竟, bìjìng, (Adv), after all, to Urge Concession 
別的, biéde, other 
別再⋯了,bié zài…le, stop doing it 
並, bìng, (Adv), 並 + Negation, Contrary to Expectation 
不, bù, vs. 沒, méi, Negation (1) 
不, bù, Negative Potential Complement (2) 
-部-bù, or -邊-biān, Locative Markers 
不但 A，還 B, (búdàn (Conj) A, hái (Adv) B), not only A, but 
also B 
不但 A，而且 B, (búdàn (Conj) A, érqiě (Conj) B), not only A 
but also B 
不到, búdào, less than 
不得不, bùdébù, have no choice but to… 
不管 A 都 B, (bùguǎn (Conj) A dōu (Adv) B), regardless of 
whether or not 
不見得, bújiàndé, (Adv), not necessarily 
不禁, bùjīn, (Adv), uncontrollably, cannot help but… 
不如, bùrú, (Vst), not as good as 
不是, búshì, Negation 
不是 A 就是 B, (bú shì A jiù shì B), if it’s not A, then it’s B 
不是 A，而是 B, (bú shì A, ér shì B), not A ; rather B 
不說, bùshuō , in S1 不說，S2 也yě, not merely, but also 
(complaining) 
不太, bútài, not very 
不停, bù tíng, as in Verb + 個不停, keep on 
不再⋯了, (bú zài…le), not…any more 
不只, bùzhǐ, (Adv), not merely, exceeding 
不至於, bùzhìyú, (Adv), but the situation would not be so 
bad as to… 

C
才, cái, (Adv), merely, only (1) 
才, cái, (Adv), longer/later than expected (2) 
才, cái, (Adv), then and only then (3) 
才, cái, (Adv), to outrightly deny (4) 
才 A 就 B, (cái A jiù B), only just A, and B already (5) 
曾經, céngjīng, (Adv), experience in the past, V’ed before 
差不多, chàbùduō, (Vs, Adv), In Various Functions 
差一點（就）, chàyīdiǎn (jiù), (Adv), almost 
趁, chèn, (Prep), seize the moment 
成, chéng, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, to become, to turn 
into (1) 
成, chéng, (Ptc), As a verb complement, successful(ly) (2) 
成語, chéngyǔ, 四字格, Four-Character Phrases 
出, chū, (Ptc), Verb Particle, to have emerged 
出來, chūlái, as Verb Complement, to figure out 
除了 A，還 B, (chúle (Prep) A , hái (Adv) B), in addition to 
Complement of Intensification in Comparison Structures (1) 
Complements, 極了jíle, 得不得了de bùdéliǎo, 得很de hěn, 
terribly, extremely (2) 
從 A 到 B, (cóng (Prep) A dào (Prep) B), from A to B 
從 A 往 B, (cóng (Prep) A wǎng (Prep) B), go A from B 
從⋯起, (cóng (Prep)…qǐ (Ptc)), starting from… 
從來, cónglái, (Adv), 從來 + Negation, never 

D
當⋯的時候, (dāng…de shíhòu), when, while, at the time of 
到, dào, (Prep), Destination Marker (1) 
到, dào, (Prep), Destination Marker for Movement Verbs (2) 
到, dào, (Prep), Post-verbal Preposition, up to, till (3) 
到, dào, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, to be successful in… 
(4) 
到底, dàodǐ, (Adv), after all? how on earth…? 
倒是, dàoshì, (Adv), on the other hand 
得, de, (Ptc), Complement Marker (1) 
得, de, (Ptc), Complement Marker, used in comparing the 
results of actions (2) 
得, de, (Ptc), Complement Marker, so…that… (3) 
得, de, (Ptc), Positive Potential Complement Marker (4) (See 
不(2)) 
的, de, (Ptc), Possessive Marker (1) 
的, de, (Ptc), Modifier Marker (2) 
的, de, (Ptc), with the Head Noun Omitted (3) 
的, de, (Ptc), to Mark Assurance, co-occuring often with會
huì (Vaux) (4) 
的話, de huà, if, supposing 
的時候, de shíhòu, when, at the time of 
等, děng, (Ptc), enumeration particle, etc… 
等 A 就 B,(děng A jiù B), when A comes, then B 
的確, díquè, (Adv), indeed 
掉, diào, (Ptc), Verb Particle, separated from 
Directional Constructions V1V2 and V1V2V3 
Disposal Construction (See 把bǎ,1-7) 
懂, dǒng, (Vs, Vp), Complement Indicating Cognitive 
Ability as a Result 
動, dòng, (Vp), used as a verb complement, capable of 
causing movement 
動不動就, dòngbùdòng jiù, whenever one pleases to do 
something impetuously 
都, dōu, (Adv), totality, all (1) 
都, dōu, (Adv), expressing displeasure, annoyance or 
surprise (2) 
對, duì , (Prep), towards 
對 A 有B, (duì (Prep) A yǒu (Vs) B), to be B in A 
對⋯來說, (duì (Prep)…lái shuō), as far as...is concerned, for 
對⋯講究, (duì (Prep) …jiǎngjiù (Vst)), to be discerning, 
discriminating, particular about 
對於, duìyú, (Prep, Ptc), towards, regarding (1) 
對於⋯而言, (duìyú (Prep)…ér yán), as far as… is concerned 
(2) 
多, duō, (Vs), more than, over, and some (1) 
多, duō, (Adv), as in 多+Verb, more… than planned (2) 
多, duō, (Adv), intensifying, how…! (3) 
多少, duōshǎo, (Adv), likely, at least 

E
而且, érqiě, (Conj), furthermore 
Existential Sentence with Posture Verbs (1) 
Existential Sentence with有yǒu (2) 

F
反而, fǎn’ér, (Adv), on the contrary 
反正, fǎnzhèng, (Adv), at any rate, anyway 
方面, fāngmiàn, (N), as in 在⋯方面, with respect to; 
regarding 
非⋯不可, (fēi…bùkě), it is imperative that 
否則, fǒuzé, (Conj), otherwise 
Four-Character Phrases (See 成語chéngyǔ,) 

G
V 個夠, V ge gòu, to have a full dosage of an activity 
各 V 各的, (gè V gè de), each doing her/his own… 
給, gěi, (Prep), Various Meanings (1) 
給, gěi, (Prep), Indirect Object Marker (2) 
給⋯帶來, (gěi (Prep)…dàilái), to bring…to (3) 
跟, gēn, (Prep), Companionship (1) 
跟, gēn, (Prep), Various Meanings of the Preposition (2) 
跟⋯一樣, (gēn (Prep)…yíyàng), Comparison 
跟 B 有關的 A, (gēn (Prep) B yǒuguān de A), A that relates 
to B, A that concern B 
根本, gēnběn, (Adv), not…at all, absolutely not 
更, gèng, (Adv), Intensification in Comparison, even more 
so 
更別說 B 了, (gèng bié shuō B le), let alone, never mind 
慣, guàn, (Ptc), indicating ‘getting used to a routine’ 
光 A 就 B, (guāng (Adv) A jiù (Adv) B), just A alone… 
關於, guānyú, (Vs, Ptc), about, regarding 
過, guò, (Ptc), Experience Aspect (1) 
過, guò, (Ptc), Phase Aspect Marker, Completion of Action 
(2) 

H
還, hái, (Adv), still (unchanged, incomplete) (1) 
還, hái, (Adv), to my surprise (2) 
還是 A 吧, (háishì (Adv) A ba (Ptc)), it will be better if A, it 
would be best if A 
好, hǎo, as in 好+Verb, nice to, easy to (1) 
好, hǎo, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, all set and ready (2)
好不容易, hǎobù róngyì , (idiom), only after a tremendous 
amount of... 
何必, hébì, (Adv), why must 
何況, hékuàng, (Adv), let alone, no need to mention 
很, hěn, (Adv), Intensification Marker 
恨不得, hènbùdé, one really wishes one could… 
後來, hòulái, (Adv), next in sequence 
會, huì, (Vaux), aquired skills, can, able to (1) 
會, huì, (Vaux), likelihood (2) 
會, huì, (Vaux), as Verb Complement (3) 

J
既 A 又 B, (jì (Adv) A yòu (Adv) B), not only A, but also B 
既然 A 就 B, (jìrán (Conj) A jiù (Adv) B), Concession, since A 
then B 
見, jiàn, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, perceived 
漸漸, jiànjiàn, (Adv), gradually, slowly 
簡直, jiǎnzhí, (Adv), to put it simply and plainly, it seems 
as if 
叫, jiào, (V), Imperative Verb 
結果, jiéguǒ, (Adv), consequently, (Conj), in the end 
幾乎, jīhū, (Adv), almost 
經過, jīngguò, (Prep), after 
竟然, jìngrán, (Adv), to the speaker’s great surprise, 
unbelievably 
就, jiù, (Adv), sooner than expected (1) 
就, jiù, (Adv), in V了A 就 B ,(V le A jiù B), do B right after 
doing A (2) 
就, jiù, (Adv), on the contrary (3) 
就算 S1，也 S2, (jiùsuàn S1, yě S2), even if S1, would S2, 
no matter how
就要⋯了, (jiù yào… le), will soon 
究竟, jiùjìng, (Adv), I wonder 
居然, jūrán, (Adv), to one’s surprise 

K
看, kàn, (V), as in V V 看, to try and see, to try out (1) 
看, kàn, (V), depend on (2) 
靠, kào, (V / Prep), to rely on, by means of 
可, kě, (Adv), but on the other hand, stating a mild warning 
可見, kějiàn, (Conj), it can thus be concluded that… 
可以, kěyǐ, (Vaux), Permission (1) 
可以, kěyǐ, (Vaux), Possibility (2) 
恐怕, kǒngpà, (Adv), probably, I’m afraid that 
快一點, kuài yìdiǎn, hurry up 

L
來, lái, (V), as in 來 + VP, to come to do something (1) 
來, lái, as a verb complement, to get along well, to be able 
to relate to each other well (2) 
了1, le, (Ptc), Completed Action (1) 
了1 , le, (Ptc), Followed by Time-Duration (2) 
了2, le, (Ptc), Change in Situation (3) 
了2 , (Ptc), in 快⋯了, kuài…le, about to (4) 
了1⋯了2, (le (Ptc)… le (Ptc)), Completion-to-date (5) 
離, lí, (Prep), distance from 
離合詞, líhécí, Separable Verbs 
連 A 都 B, (lián (Prep) A dōu (Adv) B), even 
了, liǎo, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, capability 
另外的, lìngwài de, another (See 別的biéde) 
亂, luàn, (Adv), as in 亂＋Verb, to do somethng in an 
irresponsible manner risking undersirable consequences 

M
嗎, ma, (Ptc), Asking Questions (1) 
嗎, ma, (Ptc), Confrontational (2) 
嘛, ma, (Ptc), isn’t it obvious that 
滿, mǎn, (Vs), as Verb Complement, crowded with (1) 
滿, mǎn, (Vpt), to reach a ceiling (2) 
Measures, (nominal), Units for Counting Nouns in Chinese 
(1) 
Measures, (verbal), 下 xià, 趟 tàng, 遍biàn, and 次cì (2) 
Measure 一M一M as Manner, one at a time 
沒有, méi yǒu, as used in Inferior Comparison 
每, měi, (Det), each and every (1) 
每, měi, (Det), as in 每+Time Expression, Frequency (2) 
免得, miǎnde, (Adv), lest, so as to avoid 
明明, míngmíng, (Adv), it should be obvious to everyone 
that… 
Multiple Verb Phrases 

N
拿⋯來說, (ná (Prep)…lái shuō), take…as an example 
哪裡, nǎlǐ, (Adv), rhetorical question 
難, nán, as in 難 + Verb, Special Meanings (See 好 (1)) 
難道, nándào, (Adv), how could it possibly be true 
難得, nándé, (Adv), rarely 
難怪, nánguài, (Adv), no wonder 
難免, nánmiǎn, (Adv), inevitably, it is only natural that 
難以, nányǐ, (Vaux), to find it difficult to… 
呢, ne, (Ptc), Contrastive tag Questions 
能1, néng, (Vaux), Capability (1) 
能2, néng, (Vaux), Permission (2) 
能3, néng, (Vaux), Possibility (3) 
寧可 A 也要 B, (níngkě (Adv) A, yě (Adv) yào (Vaux) B), 
would rather A , in order to B 
弄, nòng, (V), General Pro-Verb (1) 
弄, nòng, (V), General Causative Verb (2) 

O
Omission of Nouns at 2nd Mention 

P
偏偏, piānpiān, (Adv), contrary to expectation, deliberately, 
annoyingly 
Pronouns Interrogative to Refer to All-inclusion or All-
exclusion (1) 
Pronouns Interrogative in Non-committal Stance (2) 

Q
起, qǐ, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, to be able to afford (1) 
起, qǐ, (Ptc), as Verb Particle, to touch upon (2) 
起來, qǐlái, as Verb Complement, assessment of situations 
(1) 
起來, qǐlái, as Verb Complement in 想起來xiǎngqǐlái, to 
have remembered (2) 
起來, qǐlái, as Verb Complement, with inchoative meaning 
(3) 
其他的, qítā de, the others (See 別的biéde) 
去, qù, (Vi), as in 去+VP, to go do something 
卻, què, (Adv), however 

R
讓, ràng, (V), to let someone do something 
然後, ránhòu, (Adv), next in sequence (See 後來hòulái) 
Reduplication of Verbs, to indicate softened action (1). 
Reduplication of State Verbs for Intensification (2) 
Reduplication of Disyllabic State Verbs (3) 
Reduplication of Disyllabic Verbs for Tentative Action (4) 
Reduplication of Verbs in V了V (5) 
Relatve Clause A 的 B, Clause as Modifier of Noun 
仍然, réngrán, (Adv), still the same, same as before 
Repetition of Verbs, as in V 來 V 去, (V lái V qù) , 
repetitively, back and forth 

S
Separable Verbs (See 離合詞líhécí,) 
似乎, sìhū, (Adv), it seems that, it gives somebody the 
impression that 
所, suǒ, (Ptc), Verb Marker 
上, shàng, (V), Various Meanings of the Verb (1) 
上, shàng, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, coming into contact 
(2) 
上, shàng, (Ptc), as in 在 NP 上, regarding NP (3) 
少, shǎo, (Adv), as in 少+Verb, less… than planned (See 多
(2)) 
誰知道, sheí zhīdào, who would have thought that…? 
什麼都⋯，就是⋯, (shénme dōu…, jiùshì…), everything but… 
甚至, shènzhì, (Adv), even 
是, shì, (Ptc), it is indeed true that 
是⋯的, shì…de, to Focus, it was A that B 
是不是, shìbúshì, is it the case that…? 
使得, shǐde, (Vst), expressing causation, so as to make 
受, shòu, (Vst), a Passive Marker (see also 被bèi entry) 
受到⋯影響, (shòudào…yǐngxiǎng), to be influenced by, 
affected by 
說, shuō, (V), speak, vs. 談, tán, (V), talk 
說到, shuōdào, talking of 
說 A 就 A, (shuō A jiù A), happening instantly without prior 
warning 
死了, sǐle, A Post-Verbal Intensifier, terribly 
四字格, sìzìgé, Four-Character Phrases (See 成語chéngyǔ) 
算了, suànle, forget it, drop it 
算是, suànshì, (V), can be considered… 
隨著S1，S2 也, (suízhe (Prep) S1, S2 yě (Adv)), as a 
consequence of 

T
太⋯了, tài (Adv)…le, overly, excessively 
談, tán, (V), talk, vs. 說, shuō, (V), speak (See 說shuō) 
談到, tándào, talking of (See 說到shuōdào) 
Time and Place of Events (1) 
Time-When vs. Time-Duration (2) 
Time-Duration ‘for a period of time’ (3) 
Topic in Sentence (1) 
Topic as Contrastive (2) 
透過, tòuguò, (Prep), by means of 

W
完, wán, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, completion of action 
萬一, wànyī, (Adv), supposing, in the event of something 
negative 
往往, wǎngwǎng, (Adv), usually, tend to 
為, wèi, (Prep), Beneficiary Marker, beneficiary of an action 
為了, wèile, (Prep), in order to 
無論 A 都 B, (wúlùn (Conj) A dōu (Adv) B), regardless of 
what… 
無所謂, wúsuǒwèi, (Vs), does not matter 

X
下, xià, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, enough space to 
accommodate 
下來, xiàlái, a summary of the various meanings of the verb 
complement下來
下去, xiàqù, as Verb Complement, to keep on doing 
something 
先 A 再 B, (xiān (Adv) A zài (Adv) B), first A, and then B 
向, xiàng, (Prep), to, toward 
A 像 B 一樣, (A xiàng B yíyàng), A is just like B 
像…的+ Noun, (xiàng…de + Noun), such (nouns) as 
幸虧, xìngkuī, (Adv), fortunately 

Y
要是 A 就 B, (yàoshì A jiù B), Condition and Consequence 
以, yǐ, (Prep), classical Chinese, indicating instrument 
以後, yǐhòu, (N), in the future, after (Also see 後來hòulái) 
以及, yǐjí, (Conj), as well as 
以內, yǐnèi, within 
一A 就 B, (yì A jiù B), as soon as 
一般來說, yìbān láishuō, generally speaking 
一邊 A 一邊 B, (yìbiān A yìbiān B), connecting two 
simultaneous events, doing A and B at the same time 
一點, yìdiǎn, (N), a bit, a little 
一點也不 V, (yìdiǎn yě bù V), emphatic negation 
一方面 A，一方面 B, (yì fāngmiàn A, yì fāngmiàn B), doing A 
on the one hand, B on the other 
一口氣, yìkǒuqì, in one breath, without interruption 
一來 A，二來 B, (yìlái A, èrlái B), on the one hand A, and on 
the other B; firstly A, secondly B 
一連, yìlián, (Adv), without interruption, in rapid succession 
一下 A，一下 B, (yíxià A, yíxià B), referring to alternating 
events 
一向, yíxiàng, (Adv), all along, has always… 
以為, yǐwéi, (Vst), to have wrongly thought that … 
因為 A，所以 B, (yīnwèi (Conj) A, suǒyǐ (Conj) B), to 
express cause and effect 
因為 A 才 B, (yīnwèi (Conj) A cái (Adv) B), only because A, 
B…; B is true, only since A is like this 
因為 NP，S…, (yīnwèi (Prep) NP, S…), because of NP, S… 
因為 A 而 B, (yīnwèi (Conj) A ér (Adv) B), therefore, 
consequently 
由, yóu, (Prep), Introducing an Agent, an Actor 
尤其是, yóuqí shì, especially 
有, yǒu, (Vst), to possess, to have, to own (1) 
有, yǒu, (Vs), in Existential Sentence, there’s… (2) (See 
Existential Sentence with 有) 
有, yǒu, (Vs), to mark the existence of a subject, there’s 
someone, there’s something… (3) 
有時候 A, 有時候 B, (yǒu shíhòu A, yǒu shíhòu B), 
sometimes A, and sometimes B 
有一點, yǒu yìdiǎn, slightly 
有助於, yǒu zhù yú, be conducive to 
又A又B, (yòu (Adv) A yòu (Adv) B), both A and B 
與其 A，不如 B, (yǔqí (Conj) A, bùrú (Conj) B), would 
rather B than A 
於是, yúshì, (Conj), thus, consequently, thereupon 
越 A 越 B, (yuè (Adv) A yuè (Adv) B), the more A, the more 
B 

Z
在, zài, (Prep), Locative Marker, at, located at, situated at 
(1) 
在, zài, (Prep), Marking the Location of an Activity (2) 
在, zài, (Vs), Progressive, On-going Actions, at Ving, is in 
the middle of V+ing (3) 
在, zài, as Verb Complement, Resultant Location (4) 
在⋯方面, (zài...fāngmiàn), with respect to; regarding (See 
方面fāngmiàn) 
在⋯下, (zài…xià), under the…, due to the… 
再 A 也 B, (zài A yě B), no matter how A, still B 
再不 A 就 B 了, (zài bù A jiù B le),urgent conditional, if A 
doesn’t happen now, B is sure to follow 
再加上, zài jiāshàng, furthermore 
再說, zàishuō, (Conj), besides, moreover 
早就⋯了, (zǎo jiù…le), long since… 
怎麼, zěnme, (Adv), asking how, asking about a manner of 
doing things, how, in what way 
怎麼這麼, zěnme zhème, why so…? 
占, zhàn, (Vst), to constitute 
照, zhào, (Adv), deliberately, persist in 
這麼說, zhème shuō, that being the case, in that case 
這下子, zhèxiàzi, that being the case, as a consequence 
這樣一來, zhèyàng yìlái, that being the case, that way 
著, zhe, (Ptc), ongoing, continuative action, in the state of 
V+ing (1) 
著, zhe, (Ptc), used in Manner of an Action (2) 
著, zhe, (Ptc), repeated, as in V 著 V 著，就⋯了, (V zhe V 
zhe, jiù…le), while doing A, B happens (3) 
V 著玩, V zhe wán, do something just for fun 
只不過⋯(而已), (zhǐ bùguò…(éryǐ)), merely…; nothing 
more than… 
只好, zhǐhǎo, (Adv), concession, could only, have no 
choice but to 
只要 A，就 B, (zhǐyào (Conj) A, jiù (Adv) B), B is true, as 
long as A is true. 
只有 A，才 B, (zhǐyǒu A, cái B), cannot B, unless A 
至於, zhìyú, (Ptc), introducing a new topic, as to, as far as… 
is concerned 
中, zhōng, a summary of the various meanings 
自, zì, (Prep), from (formal) 
自從⋯以後, (zìcóng (Prep)…yǐhòu (N)), ever since... 
總是, zǒngshì, (Adv), always, in all cases, without 
exception 
總算, zǒngsuàn, (Adv), finally 
走, zǒu, (Ptc), as a Verb Particle, away 

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